Creating GUI Applications In C Programming Language

GUI (Graphical User Interface) applications using C programming refer to programs that have a graphical interface designed to interact with the user visually, using windows, buttons, menus, and other graphical elements. C programming is a computer programming language that is widely used for system programming, embedded systems, and application development.

In order to create GUI applications using C programming, developers typically use a graphical toolkit or library that provides a set of functions and tools for creating graphical user interfaces. Examples of popular graphical toolkits used in C programming include GTK (GIMP ToolKit), Qt, and WinAPI (Windows Application Programming Interface).

These toolkits provide developers with a set of functions and tools to create graphical elements, handle user input, and manage events such as mouse clicks and keyboard input. By using these tools, developers can create complex graphical interfaces that are easy to use and interact with.

Overall, GUI applications using C programming offer a powerful way to create software with a user-friendly interface, making it easier for users to interact with and utilize software applications.

The Importance of GUI Applications

GUI (Graphical User Interface) applications are important for a variety of reasons, including:

Ease of use: GUI applications provide a user-friendly interface that makes it easy for users to interact with software without needing to have specialized technical skills or knowledge.
Improved productivity: GUI applications often offer a more streamlined and efficient workflow, allowing users to complete tasks more quickly and effectively.
Better accessibility: GUI applications can be designed with accessibility in mind, including features like high-contrast themes, screen reader support, and keyboard shortcuts.
Better accessibility: GUI applications can be designed with accessibility in mind, including features like high-contrast themes, screen reader support, and keyboard shortcuts.
Cross-platform compatibility: GUI applications can be designed to work across different platforms, allowing users to access the same software and features regardless of the device or operating system they are using.
Increased functionality: GUI applications can offer a wide range of features and tools that enable users to perform complex tasks and workflows, including multimedia editing, data analysis, and more.

Overall, GUI applications provide a powerful and accessible way to interact with software, making it easier for users to complete tasks and achieve their goals.

Overview of C Programming Language for GUI Application Development

C programming language is a powerful tool for developing GUI (Graphical User Interface) applications. Although it is not as commonly used for GUI application development as other languages like Java or Python, C still offers several advantages, including:

C programming language is a powerful tool for developing GUI (Graphical User Interface) applications. Although it is not as commonly used for GUI application development as other languages like Java or Python, C still offers several advantages, including:
Lightweight: C is a lightweight language that does not require a lot of system resources, making it a good choice for developing GUI applications that need to run on low-power devices.
Portability: C programs can be compiled to run on a wide range of operating systems, making it a versatile language for GUI application development.
High-performance: C is a compiled language, which means that it can be optimized for maximum performance, making it an ideal choice for developing high-performance GUI applications.
Large developer community: Although C is not as popular as other programming languages for GUI application development, it still has a large developer community that can provide support and resources.

To develop GUI applications using C, developers typically use a graphical toolkit or library that provides a set of functions and tools for creating graphical user interfaces. Examples of popular graphical toolkits used in C programming include GTK (GIMP ToolKit), Qt, and WinAPI (Windows Application Programming Interface).

Overall, C programming language provides developers with the ability to create powerful and high-performance GUI applications with precise control over hardware and memory usage.

Setting up the Environment

Required Tools for C Programming Language

To start programming in C, you will need a few essential tools:

Text editor or IDE: You will need a text editor or an integrated development environment (IDE) to write your C code. Examples of popular text editors for C programming include Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, and Notepad++. Examples of popular IDEs include Eclipse, Code::Blocks, and NetBeans.
Compiler: A compiler is a program that converts your C code into machine code that can be executed by the computer. Some popular compilers for C programming include GCC, Clang, and Microsoft Visual C++.
Debugger: A debugger is a tool that helps you find and fix errors in your code. Most IDEs come with a built-in debugger, but you can also use standalone debuggers like GDB (GNU Debugger) or LLDB (LLVM Debugger).
Documentation: It is always helpful to have documentation on hand to reference as you code. The C Standard Library is a collection of pre-written functions and macros that you can use in your programs. There are also many online resources and books available that can help you learn C programming.
Version Control System: A version control system (VCS) is a tool that helps you manage changes to your code over time. Git is a popular VCS that many developers use for version control.

These tools are essential for C programming and will help you write, compile, debug, and manage your code.

Installation Process

The installation process for C programming tools can vary depending on your operating system and the specific tools you want to install. Here are some general steps you can follow to install C programming tools:

Choose your text editor or IDE and download the installation file from the vendor's website.
Install the text editor or IDE by double-clicking the installation file and following the on-screen instructions.
Choose your compiler and download the installation file from the vendor's website.
Install the compiler by double-clicking the installation file and following the on-screen instructions. Some compilers may require additional configuration steps to integrate with your text editor or IDE.
Choose your debugger and download the installation file from the vendor's website.
Install the debugger by double-clicking the installation file and following the on-screen instructions. Some debuggers may require additional configuration steps to integrate with your text editor or IDE.
Install any additional tools or libraries that you may need for your specific project. For example, if you are using the GTK toolkit for GUI development, you will need to install the GTK library.
Test your installation by writing a simple "Hello World" program and compiling it with your chosen compiler. If everything is installed correctly, you should be able to run the program and see the output in the console.
Refer to the documentation and online resources to learn more about using the tools and developing C programs.

These steps are general guidelines, and the installation process may vary depending on your specific requirements and operating system. It’s always a good idea to refer to the vendor’s documentation and online resources for more detailed instructions.

Configuration and Setup

Configuration and setup for C programming tools typically involves setting up your text editor or IDE to work with your chosen compiler and debugger. Here are some general steps you can follow to configure your C programming environment:

Open your text editor or IDE and navigate to the preferences or settings menu.
Look for an option to configure the compiler and debugger. In most cases, you will need to provide the path to the executable files for your chosen compiler and debugger.
If you are using an IDE, you may also need to configure the project settings to specify the compiler and debugger to use for your project.
Set any additional compiler or linker options that you may need for your specific project, such as include directories or linker flags.
If you are using a graphical toolkit like GTK or Qt, you may also need to configure your environment to include the appropriate header files and libraries for the toolkit.
Test your configuration by compiling and debugging a simple "Hello World" program. If everything is set up correctly, you should be able to compile and run the program without errors.
Test your configuration by compiling and debugging a simple "Hello World" program. If everything is set up correctly, you should be able to compile and run the program without errors.

These steps are general guidelines, and the specific configuration steps may vary depending on your chosen tools and operating system. It’s always a good idea to refer to the documentation and online resources for your specific tools for more detailed instructions.

You can also read: C Programming Language For Game Development

Basics of C Programming Language

Variables, Data Types, and Operators

Variables, data types, and operators are fundamental concepts in C programming. Here is an overview of each of these concepts:

Variables: Variables are used to store values in a program. To declare a variable in C, you need to specify the variable’s data type and name. For example, the following code declares an integer variable called “num”:

				
					int num;

You can then assign a value to the variable using the assignment operator “=”:

				
					num = 10;

2. Data Types: C supports several data types, including integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and pointers. Here are some examples of data types and their corresponding keywords:

- Integer: int
- Floating-point: float, double
- Character: char
- Pointer: void *

3. Operators: Operators are symbols that are used to perform operations on variables and values. C supports many operators, including arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators. Here are some examples of operators:

Arithmetic operators: + (addition), – (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), % (modulus)
Relational operators: == (equal to), != (not equal to), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or equal to), <= (less than or equal to)
Logical operators: && (logical and), || (logical or), ! (logical not)
Bitwise operators: & (bitwise and), | (bitwise or), ^ (bitwise exclusive or), ~ (bitwise not), << (left shift), >> (right shift)

For example, the following code uses the arithmetic operators to add two integers and assign the result to a variable:

				
					int num1 = 5;
int num2 = 10;
int sum = num1 + num2;

These concepts are the building blocks of C programming and are used extensively in writing C programs. By understanding variables, data types, and operators, you can start writing simple C programs and gradually build your programming skills.

Control Statements

Control statements are used in C programming to control the flow of program execution based on certain conditions. There are several types of control statements in C, including:

Conditional statements: Conditional statements are used to execute certain code blocks based on a condition. The most common conditional statement in C is the “if” statement. Here is an example:

				
					int num = 10;
if (num > 5) {
    printf("The number is greater than 5");
}

2. In this example, the code block inside the “if” statement is executed only if the condition “num > 5” is true.

3. Loop statements: Loop statements are used to repeat a block of code multiple times. The most common loop statements in C are the “for” loop, “while” loop, and “do-while” loop. Here is an example of a “for” loop:

				
					for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    printf("%d\n", i);
}

This code will print the numbers 0 through 9 to the console.

3. Switch statements: Switch statements are used to execute different code blocks based on the value of a variable. Here is an example:

				
					int day = 2;
switch (day) {
    case 1:
        printf("Monday");
        break;
    case 2:
        printf("Tuesday");
        break;
    case 3:
        printf("Wednesday");
        break;
    default:
        printf("Invalid day");
}

In this example, the code block that matches the value of the “day” variable is executed.

These control statements are powerful tools that allow you to write complex programs that can make decisions and repeat actions based on certain conditions. By mastering these control statements, you can write more sophisticated C programs.

Functions and Pointers

Functions and pointers are important concepts in C programming. Here is an overview of each of these concepts:

Functions: A function is a block of code that performs a specific task. Functions are used to break down a large program into smaller, more manageable parts. In C, you can define your own functions using the following syntax:

				
					return_type function_name(parameter1, parameter2, ...) {
    // Function body
}

For example, here is a function that calculates the sum of two integers:

				
					int sum(int num1, int num2) {
    return num1 + num2;
}

You can call this function in your program by passing it two integer arguments, like this:

				
					int result = sum(5, 10);
printf("%d", result);

This code will print “15” to the console.

2. Pointers: A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. Pointers are used to manipulate memory directly, which can be useful in certain situations. To declare a pointer variable in C, you use the asterisk (*) symbol. Here is an example:

				
					int num = 10;
int *ptr = &num;

In this example, “ptr” is a pointer variable that stores the memory address of “num”. You can access the value of “num” indirectly through “ptr” using the dereference operator (*):

				
					printf("%d", *ptr);

This code will print “10” to the console.

Pointers can be used for many purposes, such as passing variables by reference, allocating memory dynamically, and creating complex data structures.

Functions and pointers are powerful tools that allow you to write efficient and flexible C programs. By understanding these concepts, you can write code that is both readable and maintainable.

GUI Application Development

Introduction to GUI Libraries

GUI libraries, also known as graphical user interface libraries, are software libraries that provide a set of tools and components for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for applications. GUI libraries simplify the process of creating GUIs by providing pre-built components such as buttons, text fields, and menus, as well as layout managers that help position these components on the screen.

There are several popular GUI libraries available for C programming, including:

GTK+: GTK+ is a cross-platform GUI toolkit that provides a set of widgets for creating graphical user interfaces. GTK+ is widely used in open-source software and supports a wide range of programming languages, including C.
Qt: Qt is a popular GUI toolkit that provides a comprehensive set of tools for developing cross-platform GUI applications. Qt supports C++ programming and provides a wide range of features such as widget sets, multimedia tools, and networking capabilities.
FLTK: FLTK (Fast Light Toolkit) is a lightweight GUI toolkit that is designed to be fast and efficient. FLTK supports C programming and provides a small footprint, making it ideal for applications that require a simple and fast GUI.

GUI libraries provide a range of features that can help developers create applications with rich and interactive user interfaces. These features include support for graphics, multimedia, networking, and many others. By using a GUI library, developers can focus on the core logic of their application without having to worry about the low-level details of creating and managing a user interface.

Setting up the Library

To set up a GUI library in C programming, you will typically need to follow these steps:

Install the library: Download and install the GUI library on your system. The installation process will depend on the specific library you are using and your operating system.
Include the library header files: Once the library is installed, you will need to include the library’s header files in your C program. These header files contain the declarations for the library’s functions and data structures.
Link to the library: After including the library header files, you will need to link your program to the library. This tells the compiler to use the library’s code when building your program.

The exact steps for setting up a GUI library will depend on the specific library you are using and your development environment. Here is an example of how to set up the GTK+ library on a Linux system using the gcc compiler:

Install the GTK+ library:

				
					sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev

2. Create a new C program and include the GTK+ header file:

				
					#include <gtk/gtk.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    // Program code goes here
    return 0;
}

3. Compile the program and link to the GTK+ library:

				
					gcc -o program program.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0`

This command tells the gcc compiler to compile the program.c file and link to the GTK+ library using the pkg-config tool.

By following these steps, you should be able to set up a GUI library in C programming and start building graphical user interfaces for your applications.

Creating a Basic GUI Application

To create a basic GUI application using a library like GTK+ in C programming, you will need to follow these general steps:

Include the necessary header files: In your C program, you will need to include the necessary header files for the GUI library you are using. For example, for GTK+, you would include <gtk/gtk.h>.
Initialize the library: Before using the GUI library, you will need to initialize it. For example, in GTK+, you can use the gtk_init() function to initialize the library.
Create the main window: Use the GUI library’s functions to create the main window of your application. This typically involves creating a GtkWidget object and setting its properties such as the title, size, and position.
Create other widgets: Use the GUI library’s functions to create other widgets such as buttons, text fields, and menus. These widgets can be added to the main window or to other containers such as boxes or grids.
Handle events: Use the GUI library’s event handling mechanisms to handle user events such as button clicks or menu selections. This typically involves defining callback functions that are triggered when an event occurs.
Run the main loop: Once your application is set up, you will need to run the main loop of the GUI library to handle events and keep the application running. In GTK+, you can use the gtk_main() function to run the main loop.

Here is an example of a basic GUI application using GTK+ in C programming:

				
					#include <gtk/gtk.h>

// Callback function for the "Quit" button
void on_button_clicked(GtkWidget *button, gpointer data) {
    gtk_main_quit();
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    // Initialize GTK+
    gtk_init(&argc, &argv);

    // Create the main window
    GtkWidget *window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "My Application");
    gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 200, 200);

    // Create a button
    GtkWidget *button = gtk_button_new_with_label("Quit");

    // Add the button to the main window
    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), button);

    // Connect the "clicked" signal of the button to the callback function
    g_signal_connect(button, "clicked", G_CALLBACK(on_button_clicked), NULL);

    // Show the window and all its contents
    gtk_widget_show_all(window);

    // Run the main loop
    gtk_main();

    // Exit the program
    return 0;
}

This program creates a simple window with a single button labeled “Quit”. When the button is clicked, the program exits. This is accomplished by defining a callback function called on_button_clicked() and connecting it to the “clicked” signal of the button using the g_signal_connect() function.

Advanced GUI Application Development

GUI Application Layout

In a GUI application, the layout refers to the arrangement of the graphical user interface elements such as buttons, menus, text fields, and other widgets on the application window. The layout is an important aspect of a GUI application as it affects the user experience and can affect the usability and functionality of the application.

There are several approaches to laying out GUI elements in a GUI application:

Absolute positioning: This involves specifying the exact coordinates and sizes of each widget on the window. This approach gives complete control over the layout but can be difficult to maintain and adjust as the application evolves.
Grid layout: This involves arranging widgets in a grid-like structure, with each widget occupying a cell in the grid. This approach can be flexible and easy to maintain, but may not always provide precise control over widget placement.
Box layout: This involves arranging widgets in a horizontal or vertical box, with each widget being added to the end of the box. This approach can be flexible and easy to maintain, but may not always provide precise control over widget placement.
Tabbed layout: This involves organizing widgets into separate tabs, with each tab representing a different area or functionality of the application. This approach can be useful for applications with a lot of functionality and can help to reduce clutter on the application window.
Custom layouts: Some GUI libraries provide the ability to create custom layouts that can be tailored to specific requirements of the application.

When designing a GUI application layout, it’s important to consider factors such as usability, user experience, and accessibility. The layout should be organized and easy to navigate, with important elements being placed in prominent positions. It’s also important to consider the target audience of the application and design the layout to meet their needs and expectations.

Creating Multiple Windows

In a GUI application, it’s often necessary to create multiple windows to handle different tasks or display different information. Here are the basic steps to create multiple windows in a GUI application:

Import the necessary libraries: Depending on the GUI library you’re using, you may need to import specific libraries to create multiple windows.
Create a function to handle the new window: This function should create a new window object and define its properties, such as size and position.
Create a button or menu item to open the new window: This button or menu item should call the function created in step 2 when clicked.
Implement any necessary functionality in the new window: Depending on the purpose of the new window, you may need to add additional widgets or functionality.
Update the main loop to handle the new window: Depending on the GUI library you’re using, you may need to update the main loop to handle events and interactions with the new window.

It’s important to keep the user experience in mind when creating multiple windows. Consider using consistent design elements across all windows to create a cohesive user interface. Also, be mindful of how the user will navigate between the different windows and ensure that it’s intuitive and easy to use.

Integrating User Inputs

Integrating user inputs is a crucial aspect of GUI application development. User inputs can come in various forms such as mouse clicks, keyboard inputs, button presses, and more. Here are some steps to integrate user inputs into your GUI application:

Determine the type of input: Before you can integrate user inputs, you need to determine the type of input you want to capture. This will depend on the specific functionality of your application.
Create the widget to capture the input: Depending on the type of input you want to capture, you may need to create a widget such as a text field, button, or checkbox.
Attach an event handler to the widget: An event handler is a function that’s called when the user interacts with the widget. Depending on the GUI library you’re using, you may need to specify the event you want to capture and the function to call.
Implement the functionality: Once the input has been captured, you can use it to implement the desired functionality in your application. This could involve updating the display, performing calculations, or triggering other events.
Validate the input: Depending on the type of input, you may need to validate it to ensure that it meets certain criteria. For example, if you’re capturing text input, you may need to check that it’s in the correct format or length.

When integrating user inputs, it’s important to consider user experience and ensure that the input capturing process is intuitive and easy to use. You should also consider potential errors or edge cases that could occur and handle them appropriately.

Best Practices for GUI Application Development

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Here are some common mistakes to avoid when developing GUI applications using C programming:

Failing to properly allocate and deallocate memory: Memory management is crucial in C programming, and failing to properly allocate and deallocate memory can lead to memory leaks or program crashes. Always use functions such as malloc and free to allocate and deallocate memory appropriately.
Overcomplicating the user interface: A cluttered or confusing user interface can make it difficult for users to interact with your application. Keep your user interface simple and intuitive to ensure a positive user experience.
Ignoring cross-platform compatibility: If you plan to distribute your application across multiple platforms, it’s important to consider cross-platform compatibility. Make sure to test your application on different operating systems and ensure that it functions correctly on each one.
Failing to validate user input: User input should always be validated to ensure that it’s in the correct format and meets any necessary requirements. Failing to validate user input can lead to errors or unexpected behavior.
Not considering performance: GUI applications can be resource-intensive, and failing to consider performance can lead to slow or unresponsive applications. Optimize your code and use efficient algorithms to ensure that your application runs smoothly.
Not following coding standards: Consistency is important when writing code, and failing to follow coding standards can make your code difficult to read and maintain. Always follow established coding standards and guidelines to ensure that your code is easy to understand and work with.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can create robust and effective GUI applications using C programming.

Debugging Techniques

Debugging is a critical part of the software development process, and it’s important to have effective techniques to identify and fix bugs in your code. Here are some debugging techniques that can be used when developing GUI applications using C programming:

Print statements: One of the simplest debugging techniques is to use print statements to output the values of variables or other important information at key points in your code. This can help you identify where a bug is occurring and what values are causing the issue.
Debugging tools: Many Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) and GUI libraries come with built-in debugging tools that can help you identify and fix bugs. These tools allow you to step through your code, set breakpoints, and inspect variables to identify issues.
Code reviews: Having a colleague or peer review your code can help you identify issues or bugs that you may have missed. A fresh set of eyes can often spot issues that you may have overlooked.
Divide and conquer: If you’re dealing with a complex bug, try breaking down the problem into smaller pieces and testing each piece individually. This can help you identify where the issue is occurring and narrow down the root cause.
Error handling: Proper error handling can help you identify and fix issues in your code. Make sure to include error handling code that will catch and handle any errors that occur, and provide useful error messages to help identify the issue.

By using these debugging techniques, you can identify and fix bugs in your GUI applications and ensure that they function correctly.

Code Optimization

Code optimization is the process of improving the performance and efficiency of your code. In GUI application development using C programming, code optimization can help to reduce the application’s memory usage, decrease its startup time, and improve its responsiveness. Here are some tips for optimizing your code:

Use efficient data structures: Choosing the right data structure for your application can make a big difference in its performance. For example, using a hash table or binary search tree can provide faster access to data than using a simple array.
Minimize memory usage: GUI applications can be memory-intensive, so it’s important to minimize memory usage wherever possible. This can be done by using dynamic memory allocation, freeing memory when it’s no longer needed, and minimizing the use of global variables.
Optimize loops: Loops are a common performance bottleneck in C programming. To optimize loops, try to minimize the number of iterations and use more efficient loop constructs like “for” loops instead of “while” loops.
Avoid unnecessary function calls: Function calls can be expensive in terms of performance, so try to avoid unnecessary function calls. This can be done by inlining small functions or combining multiple functions into a single function.
Use compiler optimizations: C compilers often include optimization options that can help to improve your code’s performance. Enabling these options can result in faster code and reduced memory usage.
Profile your code: Profiling your code can help you identify performance bottlenecks and areas where optimization is needed. Use profiling tools to identify which parts of your code are taking the most time and focus your optimization efforts on those areas.

By following these tips, you can optimize your GUI application code and improve its performance and efficiency.

Conclusion

Summary of Key Points

Here are the key points to keep in mind when developing GUI applications using C programming:

GUI applications provide a visual interface for users to interact with your software.
C programming language can be used to develop GUI applications using various libraries like GTK+, Qt, and WinAPI.
To develop GUI applications using C, you will need to set up the necessary tools and libraries, such as an IDE and the appropriate GUI library.
Basic programming concepts like variables, data types, operators, control statements, functions, and pointers are essential to GUI application development using C.
GUI libraries provide pre-built user interface elements like buttons, text fields, and windows that can be used to create GUI applications.
To create a GUI application, you will need to define the layout, create multiple windows, and integrate user inputs.
Common mistakes to avoid in GUI application development include improper memory management, failing to handle errors, and neglecting to properly test your code.
Debugging techniques like print statements, using debugging tools, code reviews, dividing and conquering, and error handling can help you identify and fix bugs in your code.
Code optimization techniques like using efficient data structures, minimizing memory usage, optimizing loops, avoiding unnecessary function calls, and profiling your code can help improve your GUI application’s performance and efficiency.
GUI applications can be resource-intensive, so it’s important to optimize your code to minimize resource usage and improve performance.
To optimize your code, you can use techniques like minimizing the number of function calls, inlining small functions, and using more efficient loop constructs like “for” loops.
Using a C compiler with optimization options enabled can also help improve performance.
It’s important to test your GUI application thoroughly to ensure that it works correctly and is free of bugs.
You can use testing techniques like unit testing, integration testing, and regression testing to ensure that your GUI application is functioning as expected.
Finally, it’s important to keep your GUI application’s user experience (UX) in mind throughout the development process. This includes making sure that the application is intuitive and easy to use, and that it provides helpful error messages when something goes wrong.

By keeping these key points in mind, you can develop high-quality GUI applications using C programming that are efficient, performant, and user-friendly.

Future Directions

In the future, we can expect continued development and improvement of GUI libraries for C programming, with a focus on making it easier and more efficient to develop GUI applications.

One potential direction for development is the incorporation of more advanced GUI features, such as touch screen support, 3D graphics, and virtual and augmented reality. This would enable developers to create more immersive and interactive GUI applications that can take advantage of modern hardware.

Another area of potential development is the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into GUI development. This could enable applications to provide more personalized and intelligent interactions with users, such as predicting user preferences and behavior.

Additionally, there may be a trend towards more cross-platform and web-based GUI development tools, allowing developers to create applications that can be run on a variety of platforms and devices.

Overall, the future of GUI application development using C programming is likely to involve ongoing innovation and improvement, with a focus on providing developers with more powerful and flexible tools for creating high-quality and engaging user interfaces.

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A Beginner’s Guide to Creating GUI Applications in C Programming Language

Introduction